Validity and reliability of the heart failure-specific health literacy scale in Turkish.

Inadequate health literacy is common among adults with HF. The disease management process in HF closely depends on health literacy. No questionnaire is used to assess health literacy among Turkish patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the 'Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale'. The research is a methodological study design. The study was conducted at the cardiology clinic between May and July 2021, located in the eastern part of Türkiye. The study sample consisted of 121 patients with HF. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale. The patients' mean age was 62.88 ± 12.55 and 66.9% were men. Based on the factor analysis, three factors with eigenvalue above 1 have been identified. These model has been determined as x2 = 80.209, sd = 49 and p = 0.003. The fit indices were as follows: x2/SD = 1.637; RMSEA = 0.073, GFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.94, IFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.92 and NFI = 0.87. The scale has a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.66. With test-retest analysis, it was determined that it had a good, positive and significant correlation in terms of both the scale and its sub-dimensions. The Turkish form of the form is a valid and reliable tool.

Review of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and non-PROs in randomized controlled trials addressing head/neck cancers.

BACKGROUND: To assess the frequency of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and non-PROs in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) addressing head/neck cancers. METHODS: We included RCTs about interventions to treat head/neck cancers. PubMed was searched on September 16, 2022 and included studies published during three periods (2000-2002, 2010-2012, and 2020-2022). Data on types of outcomes and instruments to measure them were extracted and organized into PROs and non-PROs, and temporal trends for reporting outcomes were determined. RESULTS: There was a reduction in the frequency of non-PROs (40% to 22%) and an increase in PROs (5% to 19%) over 20 years. The frequency of reporting both non-PROs and PROs seemed to be stable over the same period (55% to 58%). A great variety of instruments to measure PROs and non-PROs was identified. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a growth in the types of PROs in more recent years, and they were more frequently reported in RCTs. However, head/neck cancer trials with a combination of PROs and non-PROs were the most prevalent.

Methods to assess dermal exposures in occupational settings: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: The dermal exposure route is expected to become increasingly significant relative to total worker exposure as inhalational exposure limits continue to decrease. However, standardization of occupational exposure assessment methods and scientific consensus are needed. This is the first scoping review mapping the literature across all dermal exposure assessment methods and their targeted substances/chemicals in occupational settings. METHODS: Eligibility criteria broadly included studies reporting any noninvasive dermal exposure assessment method in an occupational setting. The literature search (Web of Science and MEDLINE) was restricted to peer-reviewed, primary literature published in the last 20 years (2002-2022). Titles/abstracts were dual independently screened. Data charting was performed by a single reviewer using standard template. All stages were pilot tested. The JBI (formerly, the Joanna Briggs Institute) scoping review methods and PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) were used. RESULTS: In total, 493 articles were data charted and categorized by 4 study types: methods development (22%), exposure assessment (51%), health outcomes (21%), and controls assessment (6%). Fourteen types of dermal exposure assessment methods were charted with biomarkers (51%), dosimeters (21%), and qualitative assessments such as questionnaires or surveys (17%) most common. Seventeen different chemicals/substances were charted; pesticides (28%) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (22%) associated with crude oil products and combustion were most common. Mapping between substances and exposure assessment method categories, pesticide dosimeters (11%), and PAH biomarker studies (14%) were most reported. Literature gaps were identified for cleaning agents, hair dyes, glycol ether, N,N-dimethylformamide/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dioxins, and bisphenol A. CONCLUSIONS: To foster scientific consensus, standardization across study reporting is needed for describing: (i) exposure assessment methods used, (ii) worker tasking/conditions, (iii) targeted substances and substance state, and (iv) targeted exposure routes. Overall, this review categorizes, maps, and defines the scope of literature for occupational dermal exposure assessment methods.

How Does the Breastfeeding Environment Affect Satisfaction? A Scale Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Women need a safe and comfortable environment to breastfeed their babies. The quality of breastfeeding environments in social areas is important for women's breastfeeding satisfaction. AIM: The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool for the evaluation of breastfeeding environments and to examine the impact of the quality of breastfeeding environments in social areas on breastfeeding satisfaction. METHOD: The first phase of the study was conducted in methodological design and the second phase in cross-sectional design. The draft scale was applied to 365 women who had breastfeeding experiences in social environments during the postpartum 6 months-3 years period. In the first stage, scale development analyses were applied. In the second stage, the developed scale was applied to 255 women. Frequency, percentage, Cronbach's α coefficient, and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS: The Ideal Breastfeeding Environment Assessment Scale, consisting of 23 items and four subdimensions, was obtained in the study. As a result of the application of the scale in the second stage, the mean score of the breastfeeding environments evaluated by the women was 23.43 ± 8.36. A statistically significant moderate-weak correlation was found between the ideality of breastfeeding environments and the satisfaction levels of women (p < .001). CONCLUSION: It was determined that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate breastfeeding environments. As the quality of breastfeeding environments increases, women's breastfeeding satisfaction increases.

Modified inverse propensity weighting method to alleviate estimation errors in the model with multiple endogenous variables.

Multiple mental health disorders affect on decisions of people. The disorders are also outcomes of other factors. Health studies commonly follow an inverse propensity weight (IPW) method to address estimation errors associated with the presence of one confounder or covariate number exceeding the recommended sample size. However, approaches of IPW appropriate to alleviate the estimation error associated with multiple confounders distributed unequally in the study samples were not explained in our search literature. This study used longitudinal cohort data from Christchurch Health and Development Study and demonstrated IPW approach to address two confounders with similar natures in terms of etiological process. In our sample, some individuals had no mental health disorder at all, while others had either one of depression or anxiety or both. The methodological step to evaluate a new IPW approach include * Estimated IPWs from all possible combinations of the major depression and anxiety disorder: (a) IPW based on anxiety factor only assuming both mental health problems resulted from the same etiological processes; (b) IPW based on major depression factor only assuming both mental health problems resulted from the same etiological processes; (c) IPW assuming three (independent) categories of etiological processes: neither; either; both of major depression or anxiety disorder, (d) IPW assuming four (independent) categories of etiological processes: neither; major depression only; any anxiety disorder only; both. (e) No IPW or control model (no confounding problem.•Estimated outcome model with one each IPW at a time and one without IPw (control model).•Compared fit statistics of all estimated models.•The IPW derived assuming four categories of etiological processes produced the robust based fit statistics criteria. The study showed significant effects of both mental health problems on investment but the anxiety revealed a stronger effect than that of major depression.

Clinical and methodological implications for research elements in systematic reviews on COVID-19 treatment were often unstructured and under-reported: a metaresearch study.

OBJECTIVES: Numerous systematic reviews (SRs) have been published in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic and clinical trials were designed rapidly highlighting the importance of informative implications for research (IfRs) sections in SRs. IfR is one item of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 checklist and the Cochrane Handbook suggests considering population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) domains when developing IfR. We aimed (1) to assess whether SRs on COVID-19 treatments included any IfR statements and, for SRs with an IfR statement, (2) to examine which elements informed the IfR statement. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a metaresearch study based on SRs on COVID-19 treatment identified in the Living OVerview of the Evidence COVID-19 database in May 2021 as part of another research project (CRD42021240423). We defined an IfR statement as at least one sentence that contained at least one bit of information that could be informative for planning future research. We extracted any IfR statements anywhere in the SRs on predefined IfR variables, in particular PICO elements, study design, and concepts underlying GRADE domains. Three authors extracted data independently after piloting the data extraction form. We resolved discrepancies in weekly discussions to ensure a high-quality data extraction. RESULTS: We included 326 SRs, of which 284 SRs (87.1%) stated IfR. Of these 284 SRs, 201 (70.8%) reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and 66 (23.2%) using GRADE. IfR statements (n = 284) addressing PICO were unstructured and commonly reported 'population' (n = 195, 68.7%), 'intervention' (n = 242, 85.2%), and 'outcome' (n = 127, 44.7%) but not 'control' (n = 29, 10.2%). Concepts underlying GRADE domains were infrequently reported in IfR statements of SRs (n = 284): 'risk of bias' (n = 14, 4.9%), 'imprecision' (n = 8, 2.8%), 'inconsistency' (n = 7, 2.5%), 'publication bias' (n = 3, 1.1%), and 'indirectness' (n = 1, 0.4%). Additional IfR elements mentioned in IfR were 'better reporting' of future studies (n = 17, 6.0%) and 'standardization of procedures in clinical trials' (n = 12, 4.2%). CONCLUSION: Almost 90% of SRs on COVID-19 treatments reported IfR. IfR statements addressing PICO were unstructured across SRs and concepts underlying GRADE were rarely reported to inform IfR. Further work is needed to assess generalizability beyond COVID-19 and to define more precisely which IfR elements should be considered, and how they should be reported in SRs of interventions. Until then, considering PICO elements and concepts underlying GRADE to derive IfR seems to be a sensible starting point.

Modification of the Public Attitude Towards Vaccination Scale for use in adult vaccines.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination is a crucial protective intervention to prevent adult mortality and morbidity. Personal perceptions and resources have an important place in the vaccination decision. AIM: This study aimed to modify the Public Attitude Towards Vaccination-Health Belief Model scale for adult vaccines and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: Overall, 626 people participated in this methodological study. Content validity index, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and item-total score correlation were used for validity and reliability. The independent samples t test, logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis were used for criterion and concurrent validity. RESULTS: In confirmatory factor analysis, values of fit indices were excellent or acceptable. The Cronbach alpha value was between 0.83 and 0.92. According to criterion validity, the susceptibility, severity, benefit, and health motivation scores of those with the vaccine were higher than those without, whereas their barrier score was lower. The barrier subscale was a risk factor, whereas the benefit score was a protective factor that increased the likelihood of vaccination. The concurrent validity of the scale was tested with the COVID-19 vaccine. While the barrier subscale's ability to distinguish between vaccinated (specificity) and unvaccinated (sensitivity) individuals is excellent, it is acceptable for the other subscales. CONCLUSION: Modified PAVS-HBM is valid and reliable for adult vaccines. This scale was associated with vaccination behaviour and distinguished between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.

Evidence of validity of the Smoking Cessation Counseling scale - Brazilian version / Evidencias de validez de la escala Smoking Cessation Counseling - versión brasileña / Evidências de validade da escala Smoking Cessation Counseling - versão brasileira

Objective: to evaluate the evidence of validity of the internal structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Smoking Cessation Counseling instrument Method: psychometric study of confirmatory factor analysis and reliability carried out on 250 nurses in clinical practice. For the analysis of the convergent validity of the factor model, Average Variance Extracted values were calculated, and discriminant analysis was carried out using the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability Results: it was necessary to exclude seven items from the Advanced Counseling domain and one item from the Basic Counseling domain in order to properly obtain the Average Variance Extracted values and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. The composite reliability ranged from 0.76 to 0.86 and the overall Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was 0.86, ranging from 0.53 to 0.84 depending on the domain assessed. The final version of the instrument was made up of 16 items divided into 4 domains Conclusion: the Brazilian version of Smoking Cessation Counseling obtained adequate psychometric evidence of validity and reliability. Further studies are needed to refine the instrument.

Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y de la confiabilidad de la versión brasileña del instrumento Smoking Cessation Counseling. Método: estudio psicométrico de análisis factorial confirmatorio y de confiabilidad realizado en 250 enfermeras de la práctica clínica. Para el análisis de la validez convergente del modelo factorial se calcularon valores de Average Variance Extracted, el análisis discriminante se realizó mediante el criterio de Fornell-Larcker. La confiabilidad se examinó por el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach y por la confiabilidad compuesta. Resultados: fue necesaria la exclusión de siete ítems del dominio de Asesoramiento avanzado y un ítem del dominio Asesoramiento básico para obtener adecuadamente los valores de Average Variance Extracted y del criterio de Fornell-Larcker. La confiabilidad compuesta varió de 0,76 a 0,86 y el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach global alcanzado fue de 0,86, variando de 0,53 a 0,84 dependiendo del dominio evaluado. Se obtuvo la versión final del instrumento compuesto de 16 ítems distribuidos en 4 dominios. Conclusión: la versión brasileña de Smoking Cessation Counseling obtuvo adecuadas evidencias psicométricas de validez y confiabilidad. Estudios posteriores serán necesarios para el refinamiento del instrumento.

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências de validade da estrutura interna e da confibialidade da versão brasileira do instrumento Smoking Cessation Counseling Método: estudo psicométrico de análise fatorial confirmatória e de confiabilidade realizado em 250 enfermeiras da prática clínica. Para a análise da validade convergente do modelo fatorial foram calculados valores de Average Variance Extracted , a análise discriminante foi realizada pelo critério de Fornell-Larcker. A confiabilidade foi examinada pelo coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach e pela confiabilidade composta Resultados: foi necessária a exclusão de sete itens do domínio de Aconselhamento avançado e um item do domínio Aconselhamento básico para obtenção adequada dos valores de Average Variance Extracted e do critério de Fornell-Larcker. A confiabilidade composta variou de 0,76 a 0,86 e o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach global alcançado foi de 0,86, variando de 0,53 a 0,84 a depender do domínio avaliado. Obteve-se a versão final do instrumento composto de 16 itens distribuídos em quatro domínios Conclusão: a versão brasileira da Smoking Cessation Counseling obteve adequadas evidências psicométricas de validade e de confiabilidade. Estudos posteriores serão necessários para o refinamento do instrumento.

The Berlin-Brandenburg Air Study-A Methodological Study Paper of a Natural Experiment Investigating Health Effects Related to Changes in Airport-Related Exposures.

Objectives: This paper presents the study design of the Berlin-Brandenburg Air study (BEAR-study). We measure air quality in Berlin and Brandenburg before and after the relocation of aircraft (AC) traffic from Tegel (TXL) airport to the new Berlin-Brandenburg airport (BER) and investigate the association of AC-related ultrafine particles (UFP) with health outcomes in schoolchildren. Methods: The BEAR-study is a natural experiment examining schoolchildren attending schools near TXL and BER airports, and in control areas (CA) away from both airports and associated air corridors. Each child undergoes repeated school-based health-examinations. Total particle number concentration (PNC) and meteorological parameters are continuously monitored. Submicrometer particle number size distribution, equivalent black carbon, and gas-phase pollutants are collected from long-term air quality monitoring stations. Daily source-specific UFP concentrations are modeled. We will analyze short-term effects of UFP on respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive outcomes, as well as medium and long-term effects on lung growth and cognitive development. Results: We examined 1,070 children (as of 30 November 2022) from 16 schools in Berlin and Brandenburg. Conclusion: The BEAR study increases the understanding of how AC-related UFP affect children's health.

The Social Insurance Literacy Questionnaire (SILQ): Development and Psychometric Evaluation.

PURPOSE: For clients to understand social insurance decisions and processes, information from authorities needs to be comprehensible, and clients need sufficient individual abilities. These dimensions are captured by the concept social insurance literacy, which has been operationalized into a measure, the Social Insurance Literacy Questionnaire (SILQ). The aim of this study was to describe the development of the SILQ and evaluate its psychometric properties using Rasch measurement theory. METHODS: The development of the SILQ included a Delphi study and cognitive interviews. A preliminary version, divided on four scales corresponding to the domains of the concept (obtaining information, understanding information, acting on information, and system comprehensibility) was psychometrically evaluated according to Rasch measurement theory, in a survey to a stratified random sample of people on sick leave (n = 1151) sent out in the fall of 2020. RESULTS: Overall, the items in the final version of the SILQ demonstrated good fit to the Rasch model, and the response scale worked as intended. Unidimensionality was supported for all scales, but minor problems with local dependency was detected for three items. The person separation was 0.80 for the Obtain scale, 0.82 for the Understand scale, 0.68 for the Act scale, and 0.81 for the System scale. Corresponding ordinal alpha values were 0.91, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.91, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study is a first step toward exploring literacy in the social insurance field. The SILQ covers individual abilities and systems' comprehensibility, and the results show that it has acceptable psychometric properties.

Methodological quality of systematic reviews in dentistry including animal studies: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The overall confidence in the results of systematic reviews including animal models can be heterogeneous. We assessed the methodological quality of systematic reviews including animal models in dentistry as well as the overall confidence in the results of those systematic reviews. MATERIAL & METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for systematic reviews including animal studies in dentistry published later than January 2010 until 18th of July 2022. Overall confidence in the results was assessed using a modified version of the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) checklist. Checklist items were rated as yes, partial yes, no and not applicable. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate associations between systematic review characteristics and the overall adherence to the AMSTAR-2 checklist. The overall confidence in the results was calculated based on the number of critical and non-critical weaknesses presented in the AMSTAR-2 items and rated as high, moderate, low and critical low. RESULTS: Of initially 951 retrieved systematic reviews, 190 were included in the study. The overall confidence in the results was low in 43 (22.6%) and critically low in 133 (70.0%) systematic reviews. While some AMSTAR-2 items were regularly reported (e.g. conflict of interest, selection in duplicate), others were not (e.g. FUNDING: n = 1; 0.5%). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the adherence scores of AMSTAR-2 was significantly associated with publication year, journal impact factor (IF), topic, and the use of tools to assess risk of bias (RoB) of the systematic reviews. CONCLUSION: Although the methodological quality of dental systematic reviews of animal models improved over the years, it is still suboptimal. The overall confidence in the results was mostly low or critically low. Systematic reviews, which were published later, published in a journal with a higher IF, focused on non-surgery topics, and used at least one tool to assess RoB correlated with greater adherence to the AMSTAR-2 guidelines.

Estudo das doenças crônicas sob a ótica da qualidade em saúde: aspectos metodológicos / Study of chronic diseases from the perspective of quality in health: methodological aspects

Descrever os aspectos metodológicos e desenho amostral do Estudo das Doenças Crônicas sob a ótica da qualidade em saúde (Edoc-Quali). O estudo é composto por pesquisas de quatro populações distintas: coordenadores das unidades da Atenção Primária em Saúde; profissionais das equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF); usuários cadastrados nas ESFs com hipertensão arterial; e usuários cadastrados nas ESFs com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2. Participaram 30 gestores e 338 profissionais, que responderam percepções sobre estrutura física e processo de trabalho da equipe, com aplicação do PCATool-Brasil, e dados relativos ao processo de cuidado a esses pacientes. Também foram entrevistadas 672 pessoas com HAS, e 324 com DM2, além de avaliação física, coleta de material biológico e realização do eletrocardiograma. A avaliação da qualidade do cuidado segundo os gestores e profissionais e dos resultados obtidos junto aos usuários do serviço favoreceu o controle de complicações.

To describe the methodological aspects and sample design of the Study of Chronic Diseases from the perspective of quality in health (Edoc-Quali). Consisting of surveys of four distinct populations: coordinators of Primary Health Care units, professionals from the Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams, users registered in the FHS with arterial hypertension; and users registered in the FHS with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 30 managers and 338 participated professionals who answered perceptions about the physical structure and work process of the team with the application of PCATool-Brasil and data related to the care process for these patients. As for the study with users, 672 people with SAH and 324 with DM2 were interviewed, in addition to physical assessment, collection of biological material and electrocardiogram. The assessment of the quality of care according to managers and professionals, and the results obtained from service users, contributes to the control of complications.

Assessing IgE sensitization profiles to birch and timothy grass pollen allergens in birch pollen allergic blood donors using an oligoplex specific IgE assay.

IgE sensitization profiles to single birch allergens in birch-sensitized patients differ among European countries. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of specific IgE antibodies to major and minor birch pollen allergens in a population of allergic Norwegian individuals by using a birch allergic blood donor population as a surrogate sample. Sixty blood donors were recruited and sampled based on birch allergy symptoms such as rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and/or mild asthma in previous seasons. All sera were collected before start of the pollen season and tested using a line blot assay (Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany) for IgE to birch and timothy pollen. Both extracts, single allergens, and cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants (CCD) were analysed. Only donors with specific IgE to birch and/or timothy grass were further evaluated. Specific IgE to birch pollen extract was found in 52 sera, and sensitization to timothy grass in 40 sera. Specific IgE to Bet v 1 was predominant in contrast to Bet v 4 which was absent. However, sensitization to the minor allergens Bet v 2 and 6 was always found together with high levels of IgE to Bet v 1. Subjects sensitized to the profilin Bet v 2 from birch were also sensitized to Phl p 12 from timothy grass. In conclusion, there was predominantly Bet v 1 sensitization in this cohort and low sensitization to minor allergens and cross-reactive allergens (Bet v 2, Bet v 4, Phl p 7 and Phl p 12).

Evaluating the Methodological Approaches of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Bedside Handover Attitudes and Behaviours Questionnaire into Portuguese.

Nurse managers need culturally adapted assessment instruments to support the implementation of change to Nursing Bedside Handover (NBH) in healthcare institutions. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Bedside Handover Attitudes and Behaviours (BHAB) questionnaire to the Portuguese context and evaluate the methodological approaches used for this purpose. To guide this study, we followed a guideline for cross-cultural translation and adaptation measurement instruments in healthcare. The results of the content validity testing suggested that the BHAB questionnaire is a valid instrument for use in the Portuguese context. To obtain these results we showed 1) using of a new methodological approach, the dual focus, to resolve the divergences and ambiguities in the translators' committee and the multi-professional committee; 2) the lack of a conceptual definition of the construct of the instrument as a requirement to retain items with I-CVI <0.70 after validity relevance pretesting and 3) the cognitive debriefing and relevance pretesting as methodological approaches which can be used alone or together to reinforce the evaluation of cultural relevance of the items. We concluded there is a need for guidelines to support the decision-making process of healthcare researchers with comprehensive information about the different methodological approaches they can follow.

Development of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for dietary intake of elementary school children: data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Korea, studies of diet in elementary school children are hindered by the need for a comprehensive dietary assessment tool. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean elementary school children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The 24-h recall data for 1,624 subjects aged 6-11 yrs from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to extract the items included in the questionnaire. The FFQ items were developed by selecting major dishes based on the results of nutritional contribution and between-person variability for energy and 14 nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorous, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C). We selected the major dishes with over 90% of the total contribution to each nutrient and with over 90% of the accumulated R2 for each nutrient. Among the 452 dishes, we selected 248 dishes contributing more than 1% of the total consumption. RESULTS: Finally, the FFQ included 107 items combined from 248 dishes based on nutrient profile and recipe. The FFQ items accounted for an average of 88.6% of the energy, 14 nutrient intakes, and 91.4% of the between-person variability. Quantities of dietary intake were assessed by 9 categories of frequency and 3 categories of portion size. Percentages of coverage for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calcium were 90.2%, 87.8%, 89.9%, 90.8%, and 88.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a dish-based, semi-quantitative FFQ comprising 107 items for Korean elementary school children aged 6 to 11. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of this FFQ for elementary school children.

A structured approach to information retrieval improved identification of funding and researchers' conflicts of interest in trials included in Cochrane reviews.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the contemporary Cochrane review approach for retrieving information on trial funding and researchers' conflicts of interest with a structured approach for information retrieval. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Methodological study of 100 Cochrane reviews from August to December 2020 and one randomly selected trial from each review. Reporting of trial funding and researchers' conflicts of interest in reviews was compared with information identified using a structured retrieval process, and time to retrieve information was noted. We also formulated a guide to systematic reviewers for efficient information retrieval. RESULTS: Sixty-eight of 100 Cochrane reviews reported trial funding and 24 reported trial researchers' conflicts of interest. A simple structured approach, searching only trial publications (including conflicts of interest disclosure forms), identified funding for 16 additional trials and conflicts of interest information for 39 additional trials. A comprehensive structured approach, searching multiple information sources, identified funding for two additional trials and conflicts of interest for 14 additional trials. The median time to retrieve information was 10 minutes per trial (interquartile range: 7-15) for the simple approach and 20 minutes (11-43) for the comprehensive approach. CONCLUSION: A structured information retrieval approach improves identification of funding and researchers' conflicts of interest in trials included in Cochrane reviews.

Critical appraisal tools used in systematic reviews of in vitro cell culture studies: A methodological study.

Systematic reviews (SRs) of preclinical studies are marked with poor methodological quality. In vitro studies lack assessment tools to improve the quality of preclinical research. This methodological study aimed to identify, collect, and analyze SRs based on cell culture studies to highlight the current appraisal tools utilized to support the development of a validated critical appraisal tool for cell culture in vitro research. SRs, scoping reviews, and meta-analyses that included cell culture studies and used any type of critical appraisal tool were included. Electronic search, study selection, data collection and methodological quality (MQ) assessment tool were realized. Further, statistical analyses regarding possible associations and correlations between MQ and collected data were performed. After the screening process, 82 studies remained for subsequent analysis. A total of 32 different appraisal tools were identified. Approximately 60% of studies adopted pre-structured tools not designed for cell culture studies. The most frequent instruments were SYRCLE (n = 14), OHAT (n = 9), Cochrane Collaboration's tool (n = 7), GRADE (n = 6), CONSORT (n = 5), and ToxRTool (n = 5). The studies were divided into subgroups to perform statistical analyses. A significant association (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.54-16.20, p = 0.008) was found between low MQ and chronic degenerative disorders as topic of SR. Several challenges in collecting information from the included studies led to some modifications related to the previously registered protocol. These results may serve as a basis for further development of a critical appraisal tool for cell culture studies capable of capturing all the essential factors related to preclinical research, therefore enhancing the practice of evidence-based.

Psychometric testing of the Persian version of the Nursing Care Quality Scale: A methodological study.

AIM: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Cambodian Nursing Care Quality Scale. DESIGN: Methodological design. METHODS: This study was carried out in several steps: a forward-backward translation was done, face and construct validity was measured using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability was evaluated. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 350 nurses from May 2021 to March 2022. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis extracted six factors that explained 60.76% of the total variance. The six-factor model is supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient were 0.94 and 0.85, respectively. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Evaluation of the quality of care can lead to the enhancement of the quality of nursing services and patient safety. This will subsequently increase the patients' and community satisfaction.

A methodological framework allows the identification of personomic markers to consider when designing personalized interventions.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a methodological framework to identify and prioritize personomic markers (e.g., psychosocial situation, beliefs…) to consider for personalizing interventions and to test in smoking cessation interventions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: (1) We identified potential personomic markers considered in protocols of personalized interventions, in reviews of predictors of smoking cessation, and in interviews with general practitioners. (2) Physicians, and patient smokers or former smokers selected the markers they considered most relevant during online paired comparison experiments. Data were analyzed with Bradley Terry Luce models. RESULTS: Thirty-six personomic markers were identified from research evidence. They were evaluated by 795 physicians (median age: 34, IQR [30-38]; 95% general practitioners) and 793 patients (median age: 54, IQR [42-64], 71.4% former smokers) during 11,963 paired comparisons. Physicians identified patients' motivation for quitting (e.g., Prochaska stages), patients' preferences, and patients' fears and beliefs (e.g., concerns about weight gain) as the most relevant elements to personalize smoking cessation. Patients considered their motivation for quitting, smoking behavior (e.g., smoking at home/at work), and tobacco dependence (e.g., Fagerström Test) as the most relevant elements to consider. CONCLUSION: We provide a methodological framework to prioritize which personomic markers should be considered when developing smoking cessation interventions.

Google Trends for health research: Its advantages, application, methodological considerations, and limitations in psychiatric and mental health infodemiology.

The high utilization of infodemiological tools for psychiatric and mental health topics signals the emergence of a new discipline. Drawing on the definition of infodemiology by Eysenbach, this emerging field can be termed "psychiatric and mental health infodemiology," defined as the science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic medium, including the internet, or in a population to inform mental health services and policies. Since Google Trends is one of its popular tools, this minireview describes its advantages, application, methodological considerations, and limitations in psychiatric and mental health research. The advantage of Google Trends is the nature of its data, which may represent the actual behavior rather than their users' stated preferences in real-time through automatic anonymization. As such, it can provide readily available data about sensitive health topics like mental disorders. Therefore, Google Trends has been used to explore public concerns, interests, and behaviors about psychiatric and mental health phenomena, service providers, and specific disciplines. In this regard, several methodological can be considered by studies using Google Trends, including documenting their exact keywords, query category, time range, location, and date of retrieval. Likewise, its limitations should be accounted for in its interpretation, including restricted representation of people who use the Google search engine, limited validity in areas with low internet penetration or freedom of speech, does not provide absolute search volumes, unknown sampled queries, and limited transparency in its algorithm, especially the terms and idioms it subsumes under its "topic" keywords.